Tell me about it
Food scientists and technologists work in the food and drink manufacturing industry, using scientific methods to ensure that products are wholesome, nutritious, safe and attractive.

Food scientists generally carry out research and quality assurance, using their knowledge of the nature and composition of food materials and their behaviour under various conditions. Food technologists are more concerned with converting raw food materials into food products. However, their duties often overlap.

Food scientists and technologists apply several sciences in their work. The work involves, for example, knowledge of the chemical composition of food materials and their physical, biological and biochemical behaviour, human nutritional requirements in relation to the nutritional value of specific foods, the interaction of food components with atmospheric oxygen, additives, contaminants, packaging materials and each other, and the pharmacology and toxicology of food materials, additives and contaminants.

Entry level
Most food scientists and technologists have a degree or HNC/HND in food science, food studies, food technology, nutrition, or in a specialist area like baking technology or meat technology. Foundation degrees in food science and food technology are also available. Alternatively, you could study a more general science subject such as biology, microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology or chemistry. The qualifications for entry usually include chemistry or biology at A level/H grade, or the equivalent. Some courses require two science subjects. If your degree is in a general science subject, you might go on to study for a relevant postgraduate qualification before starting work.

It is also possible to start as a laboratory assistant or technician, possibly through an Apprenticeship. Entry is normally with at least four GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3) and possibly A levels/H grades, usually including English, maths, biology and chemistry, or equivalent qualifications.

Making the grade
Food scientists and technologists must keep up to date with the latest scientific discoveries, technology and processes, and may learn marketing and management skills. The Institute of Food Science and Technology runs a continuing professional development scheme, which would validate your achievements.

There are prospects of promotion to managerial positions and opportunities to specialise. It might be necessary to change to a larger employer to gain promotion.
Promotion may be to team leader, project co-ordinator and eventually, manager. Some scientists and technologists move into other roles such as buying raw materials, marketing, technical sales or production management.

Personal qualities
As a food scientist or technologist, you would need to have a real enthusiasm for food and drink, coupled with a meticulous approach to detail and hygiene when you are conducting trials or laboratory tests on food. You would also need good communication skills and the ability to work as part of a team.

Looking ahead
Over 600,000 people are employed in the UK food and drink manufacturing industry. With increasing health and environmental awareness, there is currently a shortage of food scientists and technologists in the UK.

You might work for a food manufacturer, food retailer, government department or agency, university or an independent organisation undertaking research or developing new products.

Alternative suggestions
Other possibilities might include biochemist, biologist, biotechnologist, chef, chemist, dietitian, environmental health officer or microbiologist.

Take-home pay
Graduate entrants earn between around £20,000 and £24,000 a year. Salaries for experienced scientists and technologists are around £30,000 or more, rising to £60,000 plus for those in senior positions.

Effects
Food scientists and technologists work 35 to 40 hours a week, but may have to work shifts, including nights and weekends, if production takes place outside normal working hours.

When working near food, you would have to wear a protective coat and hat or hairnet. Sometimes you would wear gloves and a mask to prevent contamination.

Sources of information
Institute of Food Science & Technology: www.ifst.org and www.foodtechcareers.org
Food and Drink Federation: www.fdf.org.uk
Improve Limited: www.improveltd.co.uk
Institute of Biology: www.iob.org
Civil Service Recruitment: www.careers.civil-service.gov.uk

CRCI: TA