Tell me about it
Physicists are concerned with the nature of matter and energy. Their work covers areas such as light, sound, heat, electricity, magnetism, the planets and the forces of gravity and atomic bonding, forming the basis for much of present and future technology.

Physicists could focus on:
· communications - new internet technology
· defence - new weapons systems and technology
· electronics - computer science, mobile phone technology, image processing
· energy - oil, gas and electricity, improving efficiency and protecting the environment
· materials - development of new materials for industrial use, such as sports equipment and optics
· medical physics - laser surgery and radiotherapy
· space - research into other planets, satellites and weather forecasting
· transport - the performance and safety of cars, trains and aeroplanes

The work can involve designing and conducting experiments, simulating real life problems in laboratories or making a series of observations. Physicists write up their work in reports and scientific papers.

Entry level
If you wish to work as a professional physicist, you should look for a four-year first degree leading to MSci or MPhys. This would provide for study of physics in greater depth than a three-year BSc and should not be confused with postgraduate MSc courses Most universities offer the option of switching from BSc to MSci/MPhys and vice versa but you should check prospectuses carefully before applying. Look for a course accredited by the Institute of Physics. You should also investigate the possibility of working towards chartered physicist status.

For entry to a degree course in physics, you would need at least two or three A levels/three or four H grades, including physics and maths, or an equivalent qualification, and five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3) including two sciences, English and maths. Many institutions offer a one-year foundation or bridging course if you have not studied the appropriate science subjects.

Making the grade
All physicists and technicians are given continuing on-the-job training to learn new techniques and IT developments, to keep up to date in their specialist area and to keep abreast of health and safety regulations. There will also be training for personal development, management or supervisory responsibilities.

You may choose to study for a postgraduate qualification or higher degree, or take exams for membership or fellowship of a professional body. For example, a medical physicist must work towards the Postgraduate Diploma of the Institution of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.

Personal qualities
As a physicist, you should be curious about how things work and good at problem solving. You would need a methodical, analytical approach to work and you should be able to present your work professionally.

Looking ahead
There is a serious shortage of qualified physicists and there is a broad range of career opportunities. Jobs are likely to be available within industries as diverse as transport and aerospace, telecommunications, medicine and health, meteorology or building.

Possible areas of work include research and development - in government research establishments, particularly the Engineering and Physical Sciences and Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Councils, scientific analysis and investigation - in hospitals, industry, government laboratories, meteorology and computer technology, process and production - in manufacturing and production companies, education and the media - in schools, colleges and universities, the media and museums.

Alternative suggestions
Other possibilities might include civil engineer, electrical/electronics engineer, mechanical engineer, software engineer or systems analyst.

Take-home pay
Trainees are paid approximately £18,000, which can rise with experience to £30,000. Consultant physicists may earn over £50,000. There are financial benefits to extra study, with the 45% of physicists who go on to take a PhD earning an average of £35,000 a year.

Effects
Most physicists work 37 hours a week, Monday to Friday, although they often work evenings and weekends. In jobs that provide a round-the-clock service, as in the NHS, physicists are likely to work shifts, nights, or on call.

Sources of information
Institute of Physics: www.iop.org
British National Space Centre: www.bnsc.gov.uk
Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management: www.ciwem.com
Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining: www.iom3.org
Royal Astronomical Society: www.ras.org.uk
Institution of Physics and Engineering in Medicine: www.ipem.org.uk

CRCI: TD